The short answer
An NPI (National Provider Identifier) is a unique 10-digit number issued by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to identify a provider in administrative transactions such as claims. A medical license is issued by a state licensing board and is what legally permits a provider to practice in that state. The NPI identifies; the license authorizes.
NPI number
An identifier
- Issued by
- CMS (federal)
- Purpose
- A stable ID for administrative transactions like claims
- Public?
- Yes — published through NPPES
- Changes if status changes?
- No — it is permanent
- Confirms good standing?
- No
Medical license
Authority to practice
- Issued by
- A state licensing board
- Purpose
- Legal authority to practice in that state
- Public?
- Verifiable via the state board's lookup
- Changes if status changes?
- Yes — can lapse, be suspended, or revoked
- Confirms good standing?
- Yes — that is its job
Side by side
- Issued by: NPI — CMS (federal). License — a state board.
- Purpose: NPI — a stable identifier for transactions. License — legal authority to practice.
- Public? NPI — yes, via NPPES. License — verifiable via the state board's lookup.
- Changes when status changes? NPI — no, it is permanent. License — yes, it can lapse, be suspended, or be revoked.
- Confirms good standing? NPI — no. License lookup — yes, that is its job.
Why this matters
Because an NPI is permanent and administrative, it stays the same even if a provider's license lapses or is disciplined. That is the most common misunderstanding: seeing an NPI record is not evidence that a provider is currently licensed or in good standing. For the full list of what the registry does and does not establish, see what an NPI record shows.
How to verify a license the right way
- Identify the provider's profession and the state where they practice.
- Go to that state's licensing board for that profession.
- Use the board's license-lookup to confirm the license is active and unrestricted.
- For board certification, check the relevant certifying body separately.
For a full pre-appointment checklist, see how to verify a provider before an appointment. This site shows public NPI data only — see our disclaimer.
